- Код статьи
- S3034624X25030015-1
- DOI
- 10.7868/S3034624X25030015
- Тип публикации
- Обзор
- Статус публикации
- Опубликовано
- Авторы
- Том/ Выпуск
- Том 72 / Номер выпуска 3
- Страницы
- 159-180
- Аннотация
- Накопление неорганических солей в почвенном растворе оказывает выраженное токсическое воздействие на большинство высших растений, не обладающих специфическими механизмами защиты. Избыток катионов натрия и хлорид-анионов приводит к нарушению нормального функционирования клеток, снижению роста и урожайности культурных растений. Механизмы солеустойчивости представляют собой сложную систему адаптационных процессов, направленных на нейтрализацию токсических эффектов, вызванных повышенным содержанием солей в окружающей среде. Многокомпонентность и мультигенная природа ответа растений на солевой стресс на уровне клетки, органа и организма делают селекцию солеустойчивых генотипов сложной задачей. В обзоре рассматриваются молекулярные и клеточные механизмы, активирующиеся в растениях при резком повышении концентрации ионов натрия и хлора в корнеобитаемом субстрате. Анализируются пути поступления ионов, ионные каналы и транспортеры, поддерживающие ионный гомеостаз клеток корня и мезофилла листа. Приведены сведения о механизмах восприятия соли и системе передачи сигналов о засолении от корневой системы к побегу растений. Особое внимание уделено цитологическим механизмам адаптации, включая клеточные сенсоры и сигнальные каскады, запускающие физиологический ответ на острое засоление, а также автофагии — процессу регулируемой деградации поврежденных клеточных структур и макромолекул, который играет важную роль в адаптации растений к солевому стрессу. Представлена информация об основных типах нарушений структуры ядра и ДНК, развивающихся под действием засоления и приводящих к программируемой клеточной смерти. Таким образом, в обзоре рассмотрены основные механизмы адаптации гликофитов к солевому стрессу и обозначена перспективность изучения катаболических программ для разработки стратегий повышения устойчивости сельскохозяйственных культур.
- Ключевые слова
- автофагия генотоксичность ионный гомеостаз программируемая клеточная смерть солевой стресс солеустойчивость
- Дата публикации
- 19.03.2026
- Год выхода
- 2026
- Всего подписок
- 0
- Всего просмотров
- 24
Библиография
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